Supply Chain Management (SCM) is no longer business as usual as novel technology paradigms keep shaking up SCM operations. Disruptive technology is widely regarded as a game-changer, as it transforms SCM; they render established systems obsolete by lowering costs, simplifying procedures, and increasing convenience. Disruptive technology provides various benefits, upgrades, and functions over rivals since it is new. For instance, technologies such as blockchain technology(BCT) and Big Data(BD) can be adopted in SCM to facilitate sophisticated preparation, which comprise analytical order processing or incorporated sales and transaction planning, and contract operational logistics to 3rd party logistics providers. According to Veynberg et al. (2020), the above technology is beneficial to all the participants in the supply network. From the producers and distributors to consumers, the SC system ascertains that all processes are well-incorporated, with decisions on prices, storage, and services to the clients derived from an end-to-end viewpoint instead of each separate department.

Companies are experiencing transformation on how they build and manage their SCs operations in strategies to succeed effectively in the world economy. Such a transformation results from the growth and proliferation of BD and its integration with other tech innovation like smart systems, Internet of Things (IoT), and artificial intelligence algorithms. In addition, numerous firms use a range of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) for SCM to gather, process, and store data. Accordingly, BDA enables businesses to get insightful information from SCM data by using various layers of analytics.

In the management of the modern SC, businesses can access a vast scope of industry 4.0 technologies. According to Tamym et al. (2020) the era of the above technologies offers enterprises an access to a wide range of modern technologies including online social networks, IoT, sensors, mobile devices, among others; enterprises also use a range of ICTs for Supply Chain Management such as Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), to collect, assemble, manage, and keep their data and information. Therefore, SCs are becoming more complicated. Awwad et al. (2018) asserts that the flow of information in the modern world,is no longer on a straight path. Nguyen et al. (2018) describes it as a synchronous and real-time interchange through a digital transformation amongst all the SC participants. Sample size, diversity, interrelation, dynamic nature, and ambiguity are some of the fundamental aspects of this complexity of SCM data.